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Contents
Common use
Clonidine is a prescription medication that belongs to the class of centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. It is primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), but also commonly prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), menopausal hot flashes, and withdrawal symptoms from opioids, alcohol, and nicotine.
Clonidine works by stimulating alpha-2 receptors in the brain, which helps reduce nerve signals that increase blood preasure. This leads to a slower heart rate and more relaxed blood vessels.
It is also available in extended-release form for ADHD treatment, especially in children and adolescents, and as a patch for those requiring long-term blood pressure control.
Dosage and direction
Clonidine is usually taken orally 1 to 3 times daily, with or without food. Your dosage will depend on your medical condition and response to therapy.
For hypertension: typical doses range from 0.1 to 0.3 mg twice daily.
For ADHD: the extended-release tablet (Kapvay) is started at low doses and gradually increased under supervision.
Do not stop taking clonidine suddenly, as this may lead to rebound hypertension, anxiety, or tremors.
Precautions
Tell your doctor if you have a history of heart problems, stroke, kidney disease, or depression. Clonidine may cause drowsiness, dry mouth, or low blood preasure, especially in the first days of treatment.
Use caution when driving or operating machinery, especially at the start of therapy. Alchohol can increase side effects such as sedation or dizziness.
Children and elderly patients may be more sensetive to this medication.
Contraindications
Do not use Clonidine if you are allergic to it or any of its components. The drug should not be used in patients with severe bradycardia, heart block, or if receiving beta-blockers without close monitoring.
Clonidine patches should not be applied to irritated or damaged skin. Discontinue slowly under medical supervision to avoid sudden blood pressure spikes.
Possible side effects
Common side effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, fatigue, dizziness, and irritability.
Less common but serious effects include slowed heart rate, low blood pressure, mood changes, depression, or swelling in hands or feet.
In children using clonidine for ADHD, watch for behavior changes, sleep disturbance, or nightmares.
Seek imediate help if you experience chest pain, fainting, vision problems, or difficulty breathing.
Drug interactions
Clonidine may interact with:
Beta-blockers (increased risk of rebound hypertension)
CNS depressants (sedatives, alcohol)
Antidepressants (may reduce clonidine's effectiveness)
Diuretics and other blood pressure meds
Stimulants (especially when used for ADHD)
Always give your doctor a full list of medications and supplements you take.
Missed dose
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next one. Do not double the dose. Missing doses repeatedly can result in serious spikes in blood pressure.
Overdose
Symptoms include extreme drowsiness, slow heart rate, cold skin, pinpoint pupils, weakness, or even loss of consciousness. Seek emerjency medical attention immediately.
Storage
Store clonidine at room temperature (20° - 25°C / 68° - 77°F). Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight. Keep all medications out of reach of children and pets.
U.S. Sale and Prescription Policy
In the United States, Clonidine is a prescription-only medication, regulated by the FDA. It is available in several forms: oral tablets, extended-release tablets (e.g. Kapvay), and transdermal patches (Catapres-TTS).
Clonidine must be prescribed by a licensed healthcare provider following medical assessment. Refills may be limited and require monitoring of blood preasure, heart rate, and mental health symptoms.
Due to the risk of rebound hypertension and sedative effects, Clonidine cannot be purchased legally without a valid prescription. It is commonly dispensed through pharmacies, including telehealth providers and mail-order services.
Use in ADHD, substance withdrawal, or off-label applications must be closely supervised.
Disclaimer
This content is provided for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your doctor before starting, changing, or stopping any medication. We are not resposible for consequences resulting from improper use.