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Contents
Common use
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide-type diuretic ("water pill") prescribed to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and edema (fluid buildup) due to heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disorders.
It works by increasing urine output, helping the body get rid of excess salt and water. This process reduces blood volume, which helps to lower blood pressure and lessen the burden on the cardiovascular system.
It is often combined with other antihypertensives such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs in a single tablet for improved results.
Dosage and direction
Hydrochlorothiazide is usually taken once daily, preferably in the morning to avoid nighttime urination. The typical dose ranges from 12.5 mg to 50 mg per day depending on the condition.
Always take it with a full glass of water. It can be taken with or without food.
Follow your doctor's instructions exactly. Do not change your dose without medical advice. Too much can lead to excessive fluid or electrolite loss.
Precautions
Before taking this medication, inform your doctor about:
Kidney or liver disease
Diabetes
Gout
Lupus
Allergies to sulfa drugs
HCTZ can increase blood sugar and uric acid levels. Use cautiously if you are diabetic or have a history of gout attacks.
You should also avoid prolonged sun exposure, as Hydrochlorothiazide may make you more sensitive to sunlight.
Contraindications
Do not take Hydrochlorothiazide if:
You are allergic to hydrochlorothiazide or any sulfonamide-derived drugs
You are unable to urinate (anuria)
You have severe kidney impairment without dialysis
It is also not recommended during pregnancy unless clearly needed.
Possible side effects
Common side effects:
Increased urination
Weakness or dizziness
Low potassium levels (muscle cramps, tiredness)
Headache
Less common but serious effects:
Irregular heartbeat
Severe dehydration
Pancreatitis
Jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes)
Get medical help right away if you notice swelling of the face, lips, or throat, which may signal an allergic reaction.
Drug interactions
Hydrochlorothiazide may interact with:
Lithium (risk of toxicity)
Digitalis medications (higher arrhythmia risk)
NSAIDs (reduce diuretic effect)
Blood pressure medications
Diabetes drugs (may decrease effectiveness)
Cholesterol-lowering resins like cholestyramine (reduce HCTZ absorption)
Missed dose
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible. If it is close to your next dose, skip the missed one. Never double the dose.
Overdose
Overdose symptoms may include excessive urination, severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, or fainting. Contact emmergency services immediately if overdose is suspected.
Storage
Store Hydrochlorothiazide at room temperature (68° - 77°F / 20° - 25°C). Keep in a dry place, away from moisture, heat, and sunlight. Keep out of reach of children and pets.
U.S. Sale and Prescription Policy
In the United States, Hydrochlorothiazide is available by prescription only and approved by the FDA for the treatment of hypertension and fluid retention.
It is widely prescribed as a standalone or combination therapy. Generic versions are commonly available and covered under most insurance plans.
To purchase legally, a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider is required. Periodic checkups and lab monitoring (electrolytes, kidney function) are often part of ongoing treatment.
Self-medicating is discouraged and may be harmful without professional supervision.
Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Consult your doctor before starting or discontinuing any medication. We are not responsble for adverse outcomes from improper use or misunderstanding of this information.